Arca BUDHA Shakyamuni, Abad Ke-8, Jawa Tengah
Nama : BUDHA SAKYAMUNI
Era : Abad Ke-8
Material : Perunggu
Asal : Jawa Tengah
Koleksi :
The Bavarian State Museum of Ethnology
(Staatliches Museum für Völkerkunde)
Maximilianstraße 42, D-80538 München
Germany
Data Museum :
Standing Buddha Shakyamuni
SMV 30-1-7
Type: Sculpture
Materials: Bronze cast by lost wax process
Measurements: 19 cm
Creator name: Unknown
Where it was made: Indonesia; Central Java
Time period: 08th Century
Function: Object of worship and meditation
Acquisition:
Acquired by exchange from another museum
in 1930.
Copyright Acknowledgements:
Owner: State Property, Germany
Museum: State Museum of Ethnology, Munich, Bavaria
Credit line: State Museum of Ethnology, Munich, Germany
Why this is a masterpiece:
This figure of a standing Buddha shows the influence of the school of sculpture of Buddhapad, a small town situated at the mouth of the Krishna river not far from Amaravati in Andhra Pradesh, India.
The Buddhapad Buddhas are related in style to the Buddhas of Amaravati but with a strong Gupta influence and they exerted a salient influence on the bronze sculpture of Mainland Southeast Asia and Indonesia.
Although our example shows all the characteristics of the style of Buddhapad, the figure seems to be more slender and refined. It is an excellent example of the adaptation and refinement of traditional Indian art forms in the local
context of Central Java.
History of the Object:
The figure was collected by A.H. Smissaert, who was Resident of Yogyakarta from 1823 to 1825. It was bought in 1830 by the Museum of Antiquities in Leiden and was first described in 1842 and again in 1885 by C. Leemans, the director of that museum. In 1903 it was taken over by the National Museum of Ethnology in Leiden. In mid-January 1930 the Leiden museum gave it to our museum in exchange for four vessels from Peru.
Arca Penunggang Gajah, Abad Ke 14 – 15 Era Kerajaan MAJAPAHIT, Jawa Timur
Nama : PENUNGGANG GAJAH
Era : Abad Ke 14 – 15, Kerajaan Majapahit
Material : Perunggu
Asal : Jawa Timur
Fungsi : Lampu Minyak
Koleksi :
The Masterpieces and Infocentre
(The New Rijksmuseum)
Jan Luijkenstraat 1, 1071 CJ Amsterdam
Data Museum :
Bronze oil lamp shaped as an elephant with rider
AK-MAK-268
Type: Sculpture
Materials: bronze
Measurements: 12.3 cm, 20.5 cm, 24.9 cm
Creator name: anonymous
Where it was made: Indonesia
Time period: 14th Century – 15th Century
Function: oil lamp
Acquisition:
Long-term loan from the Association of Friends of Asian Art (VVAK), acquired from the estate of F.L. Broekveldt in 1940
Copyright
Acknowledgements
Owner: Vereniging van Vrienden der Aziatische Kunst
Museum: Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam
Credit line
Why this is a masterpiece:
The wick of this oil lamp emerged from the elephant’s trunk and its massive body served as the reservoir for the oil. The animal and its rider are imaginatively represented, the elephant with its accoladeshaped
ears edged with meanders and bushy eyebrows. This oil
lamp shows an ascetic riding the strongest animal in the world, the elephant, without having to use a hook. He is seated loosely on the giant animal’s back, using nothing other than his mental powers to ride it.
History of the Object:
The playful way the animal is represented demonstrates the liveliness of bronze art in 14th- and 15th-century Java. The striking rider is an ascetic. At the time, ascetics played an important role – they had gained supernatural powers and were hence able to perform supernatural deeds and even become immortal. Practicing ascetics was therefore encouraged.
Arca Kepala Jina (Budha), Abad Ke 8 – 9 Borobudur, Jawa Tengah
Nama : KEPALA JINA (BUDHA)
Era : Abad Ke 8 – 9
Material : Batu Andesite
Asal : Borobudur, Jawa Tengah
Koleksi :
The Bavarian State Museum of Ethnology
(Staatliches Museum für Völkerkunde)
Maximilianstraße 42, D-80538 München
Germany
Data Museum :
Head of Jina – SMV VIII.459
Type: Sculpture
Materials: Volcanic stone (Trachyt)
Measurements: 36 cm
Creator name: Unknown
Where it was made: Indonesia; Central Java; Borobudur
Time period: 08th Century – 09th Century
Function:
The Jinas of the famous Buddhist monument of Borobudur in Central Java are objects of worship and meditation. According to the teachings of Mahayana Buddhism the four or five Jinas Amitabha, Ratnasambhava, Amoghasiddhi, Akshobya and Samantabhadra are manifestations of the Buddha Gautama who is venerated as the highest being Vairocana. For these reasons, the Jinas are not different in appearance, they can only be distinguished by the position of their hands or mudras. They represent different stages in the life of the Buddha, are related to the points of the compass, to certain colours and to certain parts of the human body. Each of them represents a stage in meditation.
Acquisition: Transfer from another museum in 1913.
Copyright
Acknowledgements
Owner: State Property, Germany
Museum: State Museum of Ethnology, Munich, Bavaria
Credit line: State Museum of Ethnology, Munich, Germany
Why this is a masterpiece:
Although the Jinas of Borobudur can only be distinguished by the position of their hands (mudras), they were made by different sculptors and their faces have slightly different expressions. This one exudes tranquility and peace and is one of the most beautiful Jinas known (according to the curator’s opinion).
History of the Object:
After the rediscovery of Borobudur by Sir Stamford Raffles in 1814, the Jina head was collected by the German Professor Caspar Georg Carl Reinwardt, the founder of the famous Botanical Garden in Bogor, during his travels in Java between 1816 and 1822. Dr. Johann Georg Wagler from Munich, who travelled to Leiden in 1825, met Prof. Reinwardt, acquired the Jina head and gave it to King Ludwig I. of Bavaria as a gift in 1826. After being part of the private collection of King Ludwig I. it was included in the collection of the Glyptothek (built between 1816 and 1830). In 1913 it was transferred to the Royal Ethnographic Collection which later became the State Museum of Ethnology Munich.
Arca PENDHARMAAN RATU, Era Kerajaan MATARAM KUNO Abad Ke-9
Nama : PENDHARMAAN RATU
Era : Abad Ke-9, Kerajaan MATARAM KUNO
Asal : Jawa Tengah
Material : Emas
Koleksi :
BARAKAT GALLERY
421 North Rodeo Drive, Beverly Hills, CA – USA
Keterangan Gallery :
Indonesian Gold Sculpture of a Deity – CK.0165
Origin: Indonesia
Circa: 900 AD to 1300 AD
Dimensions: 7.25″ (18.4cm) high x 2″ (5.1cm) wide
Collection: Asian Art
Medium: Gold
Description:
Like much of Southeast Asia, the island of Java (today a part of the archipelago nation of Indonesia) has historically been highly influenced by Indian civilization. The religions of Hinduism and Buddhism, both originating from the subcontinent, were the vehicles through which Indian culture spread across Java and the greater archipelago region. However, due to its location near the strategic Straights of Malacca, one of the most important maritime routes in the world, Java was also exposed to many other cultural influences. As Buddhism began to spread in China, Chinese pilgrims would often stop in Java en route to the holy sites in India. Like other cultures exposed to foreign influences, the Javanese did not practice wholesale assimilation, but instead opted to pick and choose certain elements that appealed to their tastes, incorporating them into their own culture, while altogether ignoring other aspects.
Before the spread of Islam into the archipelago beginning in the 13th century and the rise of various Muslim states in the following centuries, Hinduism and Buddhism flourished in Java and beyond. Even after the majority of Java converted to Islam, certain Hindu customs and beliefs persisted among the greater population. While Hinduism and Buddhism share several similarities, the type practiced in Java was syncretic, combining certain features with native traditions. Hindu and Buddhist maritime kingdoms began to emerge on the archipelago at the end of the first millennium. Srivijaya was perhaps the most dominant. Although based in Sumatra, the Srivijaya Kingdom was allied with the Buddhist Saliendra Dynasty (the builders of Borobudur, the largest Buddhist structure in the world) who controlled Java. As the power of the Saliendras began to wane, a rival Indianized kingdom began to take over. Known as the Matarams, from their base in Central Java, this kingdom quickly rose to prominence, becoming a serious rival to Srivijaya hegemony. – (CK.0165)
(Bersambung)
0 komentar:
Posting Komentar